腾格里沙漠南缘近315年5～6月PDSI指数变化     

陈峰  袁玉江  魏文寿  喻树龙  张瑞波  范子昂  张同文  尚华明  李杨 《地理科学》2011,(4):434-439

利用昌灵山早材宽度年表重建腾格里沙漠南缘在过去315 a的5～6月份PDSI指数变化,重建方程的方差解释量达42.0%。腾格里沙漠南缘5～6月的PDSI指数重建序列平均值为-0.32。腾格里沙漠南缘5～6月的PDSI指数重建序列对西北地区干旱极端历史事件有良好的响应。空间分析显示腾格里沙漠南缘5～6月的PDSI指数重建序列与亚洲季风尾闾区PDSI指数的变化比较一致,同时还与西北地区的多条PDSI指数重建序列有着良好的相关性。腾格里沙漠南缘5～6月的PDSI指数重建序列具有25 a(95%)、12 a(95%)、3.4 a(99%)、2.8 a(99%)、2.6 a(99%)、2.3 a(95%)的周期变化。  相似文献   

Grain‐Size Characteristics of Dune Networks in China's Tengger Desert          下载免费PDF全文

Zhengcai Zhang  Zhibao Dong  Jiyan Li 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(4):681-693

Grain‐size characteristics of dune networks in the Tengger Desert of northwestern China were investigated. Grain‐size parameters (mean, standard deviation, skew, and kurtosis) were determined on dune surfaces at windward toe, stoss, crest and leeward toe locations. Multiple discriminant analyses were applied to distinguish deposition environments. Results indicated that the aeolian sediment is mainly composed of very fine and fine sand in the dune networks of the Tengger Desert. Sorting improves as grain size becomes finer. However, the relationships between mean grain size, skew, and kurtosis vary in space. There is a negative relationship between skew and sorting; similarly, the relationships between sorting and skew, and skew and kurtosis change in space. The sediment deposition environment includes aeolian sediment and lacustrine sediment. The lacustrine sediment provides the source material for dune windward toe and stoss formation and development, but the aeolian sediment provides the source material for dune crest and leeward toe formation and development. According to the log‐probability of grain size distributions, aeolian sediments in dune networks are composed of two distinct saltation populations.  相似文献   

21世纪初期气候波动下浑善达克沙地荒漠化动态变化分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李春兰  朝鲁门  包玉海  银山  张继权  阿拉腾图雅  包刚  胡日查  罗娟 《干旱区地理》2015,38(3)

基于EOS-MODIS遥感数据,利用GIS计算出归一化植被指数(NDVI)和植被覆盖指数(PV),计算得到荒漠化指数(DI)对浑善达克沙地荒漠化进行识别,根据像元数统计不同荒漠化类型的面积及其变化数据,再分析荒漠化面积与气象要素的相关性,进而得出近13 a在气候波动下浑善达克沙地荒漠化的动态变化。结果表明:浑善达克沙地年平均气温呈下降趋势,年平均降水量呈增加趋势,且平均降水量对荒漠化动态变化的影响比平均气温对荒漠化动态变化的影响大。在气候波动影响下浑善达克沙地以荒漠化面积缩小为主,中度荒漠化,重度荒漠化和极重度荒漠化对荒漠化的演替贡献较大,表现为高程度荒漠化向低程度荒漠化转换。空间分布上,表现为西部极重度荒漠化面积明显减少,主要转化为重度荒漠化类型,东中部重度荒漠化明显减少,主要转化为未荒漠化和轻度荒漠化类型。  相似文献   

Non-stationary water-level fluctuation in China's Poyang Lake and its interactions with Yangtze River   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(3)

  相似文献   

Differing controls on river‐ and lake‐water hydrogen and oxygen isotopic values in the western United States     

Anna King Henderson  Bryan Nolan Shuman 《水文研究》2010,24(26):3894-3906

Surface water oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values are commonly used as proxies of precipitation isotopic values to track modern hydrologic processes while proxies of water isotopic values preserved in lake and river sediments are used for paleoclimate and paleoaltimetry studies. Previous work has been able to explain variability in USA river‐water and meteoric‐precipitation oxygen isotope variability with geographic variables. These studies show that in the western United States, river‐water isotopic values are depleted relative to precipitation values. In comparison, the controls on lake‐water isotopic values are not well constrained. It has been documented that western United States lake‐water input values, unlike river water, reflect the monthly weighted mean isotopic value of precipitation. To understand the differing controls on lake‐ and river‐water isotopic values in the western United States, we examine the seasonal distribution of precipitation, evaporation and snowmelt across a range of seasonality regimes. We generate new predictive equations based on easily measured factors for western United States lake‐water, which are able to explain 69–63% of the variability in lake‐water hydrogen and oxygen isotopic values. In addition to the geographic factors that can explain river and precipitation values, lake‐water isotopic values need factors related to local hydrologic and climatic characteristics to explain variability. Study results suggest that the spring snowmelt runs off the landscape via rivers and streams, depleting river and stream‐water isotopic values. By contrast, lakes receive seasonal contributions of precipitation in proportion to the seasonal fraction of total annual precipitation within their watershed. Climate change may alter the ratio of snow to rain fall, affecting water resource partitioning between rivers and lakes and by implication of groundwater. Paleolimnological studies must account for the multiple drivers of water isotopic values; likewise, studies based on the isotopic composition of fossil material need to distinguish between species that are associated with rivers versus lakes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Long‐term effects of revegetation on soil hydrological processes in vegetation‐stabilized desert ecosystems     

Zhongbo Yu  Haishen Lü  Yonghua Zhu  Sam Drake  Chuan Liang 《水文研究》2010,24(1):87-95

Planting of sand‐binding vegetation in the Shapotou region on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert began in 1956. The revegetation programme successfully stabilized formerly mobile dunes in northern China, permitting the operation of the Baotou‐Lanzhou railway. Long‐term monitoring has shown that the revegetation programme produced various ecological changes, including the formation of biological soil crusts (BSCs). To gain insight into the role of BSCs in both past ecological change and current ecological evolution at the revegetation sites, we used field measurements and HYDRUS‐1D model simulations to investigate the effects of BSCs on soil hydrological processes at revegetated sites planted in 1956 and 1964 and at an unplanted mobile dune site. The results demonstrate that the formation of BSCs has altered patterns of soil water storage, increasing the moisture content near the surface (0–5 cm) while decreasing the moisture content in deeper layers (5–120 cm). Soil evaporation at BSC sites is elevated relative to unplanted sites during periods when canopy coverage is low. Rainfall infiltration was not affected by BSCs during the very dry period that was studied (30 April to 30 September 2005); during periods with higher rainfall intensity, differences in infiltration may be expected due to runoff at BSC sites. The simulated changes in soil moisture storage and hydrological processes are consistent with ongoing plant community succession at the revegetated sites, from deep‐rooted shrubs to more shallow‐rooted herbaceous species. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Fluoride enrichment in aquifers of the Thar Desert: controlling factors and its geochemical modelling     

Chander Kumar Singh  Rina Kumari  Neha Singh  Javed Mallick  Saumitra Mukherjee 《水文研究》2013,27(17):2462-2474

The groundwater is the only source of drinking water in the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan, India. The study area is a part of the Thar Desert. It has low and scattered population and no industries; hence, the possibility of anthropogenic input of fluoride is almost negligible. Thus, the enrichment of fluoride is only possible due to geochemical processes taking place in the groundwater of the region. A total of 100 groundwater samples, 34 samples from Jaisalmer and 66 samples from the Pokharan administrative blocks, were collected. It was observed that the concentration of fluoride ranged from 0.08 mg/l to 4.56 mg/l in the groundwater of Jaisalmer and from 0.56 mg/l to 6.60 mg/l in the samples of the Pokharan block. The alkaline condition (average pH, 7.7 ± 0.22 and 8.01 ± 0.25 in Jaisalmer and the Pokharan administrative block, respectively) in the region favours fluorite dissolution. Ion exchange, dissolution of calcite, semi‐arid climate, alkaline conditions and weathering are responsible for fluoride enrichment in the groundwater of the study area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydrology and geomorphology of the Upper White Nile lakes and their relevance for water resources management in the Nile basin     

Mohammed El Bastawesy  Safwat Gabr  Kevin White 《水文研究》2013,27(2):196-205

Remote sensing data and digital elevation models were utilized to extract the catchment hydrological parameters and to delineate storage areas for the Ugandan Equatorial Lakes region. Available rainfall/discharge data are integrated with these morphometric data to construct a hydrological model that simulates the water balance of the different interconnected basins and enables the impact of potential management options to be examined. The total annual discharges of the basins are generally very low (less than 7% of the total annual rainfall). The basin of the shallow (5 m deep) Lake Kioga makes only a minor hydrological contribution compared with other Equatorial Lakes, because most of the overflow from Lake Victoria basin into Lake Kioga is lost by evaporation and evapotranspiration. The discharge from Lake Kioga could be significantly increased by draining the swamps through dredging and deepening certain channel reaches. Development of hydropower dams on the Equatorial Lakes will have an adverse impact on the annual water discharge downstream, including the occasional reduction of flow required for filling up to designed storage capacities and permanently increasing the surface areas of water that is exposed to evaporation. On the basis of modelling studies, alternative sites are proposed for hydropower development and water storage schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

全新世以来毛乌素沙地东南缘成壤环境演变研究——以榆林镇北台为例     

杜婧  鲁瑞洁  刘小槺  贾飞飞  高尚玉 《第四纪研究》2019,(2):420-428

古土壤是重建古环境重要的信息源。毛乌素沙地东南缘的古土壤在发育程度上尚未有明确解释。陕西省榆林市的镇北台地区位于毛乌素沙地东南边缘,对气候响应敏感。本文选取厚度为524 cm的镇北台(ZBT)剖面,按照古土壤2 cm、风成砂5 cm的间隔共采集古土壤样品156个,风成砂样品58个。基于6个AMS14C和3个OSL年代样品,推测剖面古土壤底部年龄为10 cal.ka B.P.,顶部年龄为3.2 cal.ka B.P.;并结合土壤微形态特征,对镇北台剖面沉积物中常量元素特征与成壤强度进行分析探讨。结果表明,镇北台(ZBT)剖面常量元素组成以SiO2、Al2O3和Na2O为主。CIA指数指示剖面处于脱Ca、Na为主的初级风化阶段,反映了毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世以来可能以相对干旱的气候环境为主,风化成壤作用较弱,但其中也不乏幅度较小的冷暖气候旋回。土壤微形态特征也表明ZBT剖面风化程度较弱,主要矿物由石英、长石、云母和岩屑矿物构成,可见胶结物和泥岩岩屑等土壤形成物。其成壤强度变化与化学元素特征表现一致:10.0~8.1 cal.ka B.P.左右,成壤较弱,气候向暖湿转变;6.9 cal.ka B.P.左右,成壤作用稍有加强;5.5~3.7 cal.ka B.P.左右,成壤作用最强,气候相对暖湿,化学、生物风化加强,但此阶段具有明显的不稳定性.  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘演变及气候因素分析     

肖风劲  周才平  廖要明 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(4):415-424

Based on the sand dust storms data and climatic data in 12 meteorological stations around sand dust storm originating areas of the Taklimakan Desert, we analyzed the trends of the number of dust storm days from 1960 to 2005 as well as their correlations with temperature, precipitation, wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s. The results show that the frequency of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region decreased with the elapse of time. Except Ruoqiang and Minfeng, in the other 10 meteorological stations, the frequency of dust storm events reduces, and in 4 meteorological stations of Kuqa, Korla, Kalpin and Hotan, the frequency of dust storm events distinctly decreases. The temperature has an increasing trend, while the average wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed ≥ 5 m/s have decreasing trends. The correlation analysis between the number of days of dust storms and climatic parameters demonstrates that wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s have strong positive correlation with the number of days of dust storms, with the correlations coefficients being 0.743 and 0.720 （p〈0.01）, respectively, which indicates that strong wind is the direct factor resulting in sand dust storms. Whereas precipitation has significant negative correlation with the number of days of dust storms （p〈0.01）, and the prior annual precipitation has also negative correlation, which indicates that the prior precipitation restrains the occurrence of sand dust storms, but this restraining action is weaker than the same year＇s precipitation. Temperature has negative correlation with the number of dust storm days, with a correlations coefficient of -0.433 （p〈0.01）, which means that temperature change also has impacts on the occurrence of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region.  相似文献